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A common method for preparing nanoscale zinc oxide (ZnO) involves the use of tetra-n-butylammonium hydroxide as a structure-directing agent and microwave-assisted synthesis. Here are the summarized preparation steps:

Preparation of reagents and equipment:

1. Tetra-n-butylammonium hydroxide (TBAH)
2. Zinc chloride (ZnCl₂)
3. Distilled water and organic solvent (e.g., ethanol)
4. Glass container, magnetic stirrer, microwave reaction system

Synthesis of nanoscale zinc oxide:

1. In a glass container, add a certain amount of distilled water and heat it to an appropriate temperature (typically 70-90°C).
2. While stirring, gradually add an appropriate amount of TBAH and dissolve it completely.
3. Dissolve zinc chloride in an organic solvent (e.g., ethanol) to form a suitable zinc chloride solution.
4. Slowly drop the zinc chloride solution into the TBAH-containing solution while continuously stirring.
5. Place the reaction mixture in the microwave reaction system and control the microwave power and reaction time.
6. Apply suitable microwave parameters for microwave-assisted heating to facilitate the formation of zinc oxide.
7. After the reaction is complete, centrifuge, wash, and dry the resulting product to obtain nanoscale zinc oxide.