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Dioctyl Dimethyl Ammonium Chloride   CAS No.: 5538-94-3   Molecular weight: 305.97   Molecular Formula: (C8H17)2(CH3)2NCl   Structural Formula:     Properties: DODAC is a kind of cationic surfactant, belonging to nonoxidizing biocide. It can efficiently withhold algae propagation and sludge reproduction. DODAC also has dispersing and penetrating properties, can penetrate and remove sludge and algae, has advantages of low toxicity, no toxicity accumulation, soluble in water, convenient in use, unaffected by water hardness. DODAC can be also used as anti-mildew agent, antistatic agent, emulsifying agent and amendment agent in woven and dyeing fields.   Specification: Item Index Appearance Colorless to light yellow tranparent liquid Colorless to light yellow tranparent liquid Active content 50%min 80%min pH(1% aqueous solution) 4.0~8.0 4.0~8.0 Free amine 2.0%max 2.0%max   Usage: As nonoxidizing boicide, dosage of 50-100mg/L is preferred; as sludge remover, 200-300mg/L is preferred, adequate organosilyl antifoaming agent should be added for this purpose. This product can be used together with other fungicidal such as isothiazolinones, glutaraldegyde, dithionitrile methane for synergism, but cannot be used together with chlorophenols. If sewage is appeared after thrown of this product in circulating cool water, the sewage should be filtered or blown off in time to prevent their deposit in bottom of collecting tank after froth disappearance. No blending with anion surfactant.   Package and Storage: 200L plastic drum, IBC(1000L), customers’requirement. Storage for two year in shady room and dryplace.   Safety Protection: A little smell of almond, no visible stimulation to skin. When contacted, flush with water.                      

Octadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride is a quaternary ammonium salt widely used as a fungicide in the agricultural field. It is commonly employed to control rice blast disease due to its unique chemical structure and fungicidal properties.   Rice blast fungus (Magnaporthe oryzae) is one of the most serious diseases affecting rice production. Studies have shown that Octadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride exhibits significant biological activity against rice blast fungus. Octadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride can bind to the negatively charged components of the fungal cell wall, alter membrane permeability, disrupt cell membrane integrity, and induce cell death in the rice blast fungus.   The mechanism of action of Octadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride can be attributed to the following aspects: 1. Cell membrane disruption: The cationic moiety of Octadecyltrimethylammonium chloride interacts with the anionic components of the rice blast fungus cell wall, leading to the disruption of cell membrane structure and function, resulting in leakage of cellular contents and cell death.   2. Enzyme activity inhibition: Stearyl trimethyl ammonium chloride can inhibit the activity of crucial enzymes in the rice blast fungus, thereby interfering with normal metabolism and biological functions, and causing cellular damage and death.   3. Nutrient supply blockade: Octadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride can inhibit the uptake and utilization of essential nutrients, such as nitrogen and phosphorus, in the rice blast fungus, limiting hyphal development, and thereby affecting its growth and reproductive capacity.   4. Inhibition of spore germination: The dissemination of rice blast fungus primarily relies on spore germination and spread. Research has demonstrated that Trimethylstearylammonium Chloride can inhibit the germination of rice blast fungus spores, reducing the pathogen's dispersal and transmission in rice fields.

1.1 Reagents and solutions a. Anhydrous Ethanol: Analytically pure b. Calcium Carbonate: Analytically pure c. Fluorescent Yellow Ethanol solution: 1g/L d. Silver Nitrate standard solution: c(AgNO3) = 0.1mol/L   1.2 Analysis Steps  Weigh 0.35g (accurate to 0.0002g) sample into 50mL Ethanol, add 25mL pure water, 0.1g Calcium Carbonate and 8 drops Fluorescent Yellow Ethanol solution. Titrate by 0.1mol/L AgNO3 standard solution. The solution turn to pink red, as the titration end point.   1.3 Result calculation    Calculate the Assay X of  Hexadecyltrimethylammonium Chloride in sample according to following formula:                           X％＝ V * c * 320   m * 10      In formula:          V: The consumed volume of Silver Nitrate standard solution in titration, mL;          c: Molar concentration of Silver Nitrate standard solution, mol/L;          m: Mass of measured sample, g;          320 - molar mass of Hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium Chloride   1.4 Allowable difference The difference between the two parallel determination results should not exceed 0.5%, taking the arithmetic mean as the determination result.  

Cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide has various uses in the amino acid industry, mainly manifested in the following aspects:   Surfactant: Cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide can be used as a surfactant in the amino acid industry. It has good surface active properties, can form micelle structures in solution, and improve the compatibility and dispersion of amino acids. This helps to improve the stability of amino acids and facilitates production and application.    Ion exchange agent: CTAB can be used as an ion exchange agent for amino acid separation and purification. Its quaternary ammonium salt structure enables it to undergo ion exchange reactions with charged ions in amino acids, thereby achieving the separation and enrichment of amino acids. This has important application value in the production and research of amino acids.   Hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide can also be used as an auxiliary agent in the preparation of amino acids, such as an auxiliary solvent, emulsifier, and crystallization control agent. It can improve reaction conditions and product properties, as well as improve the production efficiency and quality of amino acids.

Tetrabutyl ammonium diacetate CAS No. 51012-12-5, white to almost white solid,  can be used as surfactants, catalysts, emulsifiers, antistatic agents.The following is the production process of Tetrabutylammonium diacetate:  

Quaternary ammonium salt fungicides are sprayed on crops in the field, and the factors that affect the effectiveness of fungicides in disease prevention in the field are not limited to the three aspects of pesticides, environment, and crops. However, the application technology of fungicides requires higher requirements than that of insecticides and herbicides. Especially, it is necessary to fully understand the occurrence and development laws of diseases, as the occurrence and development of diseases are not as clear as pests and weeds.   Two points to pay attention to when spraying crops in the field:   Firstly, it is the type and concentration of the medication. The choice of medication type depends on the type of disease, so it is necessary to make a correct diagnosis of the disease type before applying the appropriate medication to the case. For example, rice blast can be treated with rice blast, rice blast, tricyclazole, etc. For wheat powdery mildew and rust, triadimenol, triadimefon, etc., and for peanut leaf spot disease, methoxytropizine, etc.   Secondly, it should be noted that if the same disease occurs on different crops, sometimes the same pesticide cannot be used. For example, Bordeaux liquid can prevent and control downy mildew, but it is easy to cause pesticide damage to Chinese cabbage, so it is not suitable to prevent and control downy mildew in Chinese cabbage. After selecting the type of pesticide, it is necessary to choose the appropriate application concentration based on the crop type and growth period, the type and dosage form of fungicides, and environmental conditions.

1. Instruments Gas chromatograph: with FID detector chromatographic column: 30m×ø0.25mm(id), SE-30 capillary column with film thickness of 0.5µM Microinjector: 10µL Chromatographic data processor   2. Operating conditions of gas chromatography Column temperature: 220℃; Vaporization room: 260℃; Detector room: 260℃. Split injection: split ratio 1:50 Injection volume: 0.4 μL Retention time: 15-Crown-5 about 6min The above chromatographic conditions are typical operating parameters. The operating parameters can be adjusted appropriately according to the operating characteristics of different instruments in order to obtain the best effect.A typical gas chromatogram is shown in Figure 1                                                                                   Figure1 gas chromatogram of 15-crown-5   3. Determination steps 3.1 Under the above operating conditions, after the instrument baseline is stable, inject several needles of sample repeatedly, and calculate the content when the change of relative response value of two adjacent needles is less than 0.5%. 3.2 calculation Assay of 15-Crown-5 Xi (%), calculate as formula:                                                                Xi%=                           Ai×100% ∑Ai     In formula: Xi: Percentage content of 15-Crown-5; Ai: Peak area of 15-crown-5; ∑Ai: Sum of chromatographic peak areas in sample solution. 3.3 Allowable difference The difference between the two parallel determinations results should not exceed 0.50%, taking the arithmetic mean as the determination result.    

Crown ethers are a class of chemical compounds that possess unique properties due to their molecular structure. Here are some key properties of crown ethers:   Structure: Crown ethers are cyclic molecules containing a backbone of repeating ether, or oxygen-containing, units. The most common crown ethers have 4-8 oxygen atoms in the ring, giving them the general formula [n]crown[n], where n represents the number of oxygen atoms.   Selective Complexation: One of the most important properties of crown ethers is their ability to selectively bind with metal cations or other polar molecules. The cyclic structure of crown ethers allows them to form stable complexes by encapsulating guest species within their cavity. The size and shape of the cavity can be tailored to match specific cations or molecules, enabling selective complexation.   Cation and Anion Recognition: Crown ethers are widely used for the recognition and coordination of cations. The size and coordination preferences of the cation determine its affinity for a particular crown ether. Crown ethers can also be modified to incorporate additional functional groups that allow them to bind with anions, expanding their recognition capabilities to include anionic species as well.   Solubility: Crown ethers are generally soluble in polar solvents, such as water or polar organic solvents. The solubility depends on factors such as the size of the crown ether and the nature of the substituents on the molecule.   Complex Stability: Crown ether complexes are known for their high stability. The binding of the guest molecule or cation within the crown ether cavity is typically quite strong due to favorable electrostatic interactions and the formation of coordination bonds. This stability helps in various applications, such as separation and purification processes.   Chelating Properties: Crown ethers can act as chelating agents by binding to metal cations through multiple coordination sites. This chelation behavior can enhance the selectivity and stability of the complexes and find applications in catalysis and metal ion extraction.   Template Effects: Crown ethers can act as templates, inducing stereoselective reactions by holding reactants in a specific orientation. This is particularly useful in organic synthesis, where crown ethers have been used to control the formation of specific stereoisomers.  

Cetyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (CTAC), also known as Cetrimonium chloride, is a quaternary ammonium compound with a wide range of applications in various industries, including:   • Surfactant: Cetyl trimethyl ammonium chloride is primarily used as a cationic surfactant due to its ability to lower the surface tension of liquids. It is commonly found in personal care products such as shampoos, conditioners, and hair styling products, where it acts as a hair conditioner and antistatic agent.   • Biocidal agent: Cetyl trimethyl ammonium chloride has antimicrobial properties and is used as a disinfectant and preservative in various products, including household cleaners, industrial sanitizers, and agricultural formulations.   • Fabric softeners: Hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride is used in fabric softeners to impart a soft, smooth feel to textiles. It helps reduce static electricity and enhances the softness and manageability of fabrics.   • Emulsifier: Cetrimonium chloride can function as an emulsifying agent, helping to mix and stabilize oil and water-based ingredients in formulations such as creams, lotions, and ointments.   • Industrial applications: CTAC is used in various industrial processes, including pulp and paper manufacturing, textile processing, and as a component of asphalt emulsions.   • Research and laboratory use: Cetyl trimethyl ammonium chloride is also utilized in scientific research and laboratory settings as a reagent for DNA extraction, cell lysis, and protein purification.

Tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) is a strong base because it undergoes complete ionization in water, producing hydroxide ions (OH-) which are responsible for its basic properties. The strength of a base is determined by its ability to accept protons (H+) or donate electron pairs to form new chemical bonds.   There are a few factors that contribute to Tetramethylammonium hydroxide being a strong base:   1. Presence of a hydroxide ion: Tetramethylammonium hydroxide contains the hydroxide (OH-) ion, which is a strong base on its own. When TMAH is dissolved in water, it readily dissociates into tetramethylammonium cations (TMA+) and hydroxide anions, providing a high concentration of hydroxide ions in the solution.   2. Stability of the conjugate acid: The conjugate acid formed when Tetramethylammonium hydroxide donates a proton is a relatively weak acid, which enhances the strength of Tetramethylammonium hydroxide as a base. The resulting tetramethylammonium cation (TMA+) is stabilized through resonance and electron delocalization, making it a weakly acidic species. 3. Steric effects: The bulky structure of the tetramethylammonium cation (TMA+) hinders the interaction of the positively charged nitrogen atom with the lone pairs of electrons on the hydroxide ion. This steric hindrance reduces the tendency of TMA+ to bind to the hydroxide ion, allowing for easier detachment of the OH- ion and increasing the basicity of TMAH.   Overall, the combination of high hydroxide ion concentration, stability of the conjugate acid, and steric hindrance contribute to Tetramethylammonium hydroxide being a strong base.

At present, silicone products are gradually becoming a very important industrial raw material, such as silicone oil, silicone rubber, silicone oil lotion and so on. Our quaternary ammonium salt is widely used in the production of silicone, especially in the production of silicone oil lotion. However, the variety of applications is relatively concentrated, with the most commonly used being Dodecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride and Dodecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium bromide.     According to literature reports, the use of Cetyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, Cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, Octadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, and Octadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide is also very widespread in many countries. Especially in the production of fabric finishing agents, cationic surfactants are used as emulsifiers to achieve the softness, anti-static properties, improve the texture, elasticity, smoothness, and waterproofing of fabrics, Sometimes Tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide is also used as a catalyst for the reaction. However, usually if cationic emulsifiers are used alone, the effect is not very good, resulting in oil bleaching and demulsification, and it is difficult to use them in the same bath with multiple raw materials. In order to make the lotion more stable and maintain the above characteristics, it is generally necessary to add some non-ionic surfactants (such as alkyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether) for compounding, so that the lotion obtained has the characteristics of cationic dairy industry and can ensure the stability of lotion.  

Tetrabutylammonium chloride has some applications in curing accelerators. Here are a few examples:     1. Concrete curing accelerator: Tetrabutylammonium chloride can be used as an accelerator during the curing process of concrete. It can react with calcium ions in cement to form soluble complexes and accelerate the hardening and solidification process of cement. This application is commonly used in construction and engineering projects that require rapid access to high-strength concrete.   2. Synthetic resin curing accelerator: Tetrabutylammonium chloride can be used as a curing accelerator for synthetic resins (such as epoxy resins). It can react with hydroxyl or amino groups in the resin to catalyze the curing reaction. This application can accelerate the curing speed of the resin, improve the curing strength, and reduce bubbles and defects during the curing process.       3. Fiber material curing accelerator: Tetrabutylammonium chloride can be used as a curing accelerator in the preparation process of fiber materials. For example, in the preparation of fiber reinforced composite materials, tetrabutylammonium chloride can react with the curing agent in the resin matrix, promote the curing of the resin, and improve the mechanical properties of the composite material. This application is commonly used in fields such as aerospace, automobiles, and ships.   4. Printing ink curing accelerator: Tetrabutylammonium chloride can be used as an accelerator in the curing process of printing ink. It can interact with film forming aids or curing agents in ink, accelerate the drying and curing process of ink, and improve the adhesion and durability of the ink layer. This application is common in the printing industry, such as packaging printing and publishing printing.